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Whilst the protection of political speech is essential to the preservation of a democratic legal order, events of political violence and assassinations highlight the need to rethink questions relating to the boundaries of free speech in a democratic society. To what extent should democratic countries committed to freedom of speech limit those forms of extreme speech that may be considered as incitements to violence? This is a question that has long divided academics and activists alike. It has become even more relevant today, with the recent rise of extreme right-wing parties in various European democracies. In this book, leading scholars of constitutional law, human rights and criminal law, from various countries with divergent philosophies on freedom of speech, address the question of whether we can, and should, regulate speech in order to protect democracy and, if so, how.

Public law. Constitutional law --- Human rights --- Political systems --- Democracy --- Freedom of speech --- Sedition --- 311.1 Grondwettelijke rechten en vrijheden --- 213 Democratie --- 211 Politieke filosofie --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Free speech --- Liberty of speech --- Speech, Freedom of --- Civil rights --- Freedom of expression --- Assembly, Right of --- Freedom of information --- Intellectual freedom --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Law and legislation --- Freedom of speech - Congresses --- Sedition - Congresses --- Democracy - Congresses

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Sociology of minorities --- Internal politics --- Political sociology --- Great Lakes Region [Africa] --- Afrique centrale --- Burgeroorlogen --- Etnische groepen --- Groupes ethniques --- Guerres civiles --- Midden-Afrika --- Ethnicity --- -Ethnicity --- -Political violence --- -323 <6> --- 323.12 <6> --- 960.04 --- BPB0903 --- 850 Vrede- en conflictstudies --- 858.1 Politiek geweld --- 881.2 Centraal-Afrika --- Violence --- Political crimes and offenses --- Terrorism --- Ethnic identity --- Group identity --- Cultural fusion --- Multiculturalism --- Cultural pluralism --- Africa, Central --- Rwanda --- Uganda --- Africa, Equatorial --- Central Africa --- Equatorial Africa --- Ethnic relations. --- Politics and government --- -Ethnic relations. --- Political violence --- 323 <6> --- Africa [East ] --- Jamhuri ya Uganda --- Oeganda --- Ouganda --- Republic of Uganda --- Republik Uganda --- République de l'Ouganda --- République d'Ouganda --- ウガンダ --- Uganda Protectorate

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The purpose of this volume is dual. The first is to provide information about the question of the role that doctrines and practices of international law have played in the emergence and persistence of the phenomenon of socio-cultural fragmentation, and therefore of inter-group conflict, within African states. The second is to provide original thought about the ways in which, prompted by the emergent turn in our time to minority and group rights, international law and multilateral African states have begun the long journey toward modifying those doctrines and practices that have led to such unfortunate results, and have thereby begun to make very valuable contributions to the effort to prevent and/or reduce the incidence of inter-group strife in specific African contexts. The book is not, however, limited in scope by its utilisation of Africa as a case study. The book's core is based on analysis of traditional and contemporary international legal doctrines and practices, their effects in specific contexts, as well as on the role of multilateral institutions in the prevention of internecine conflict within established states. It is hoped that, with the use of African states as case studies, the book will be a contribution to the advancement of scholarly knowledge regarding the general question of the relationship among the doctrines of international law, the activities of multilateral institutions, and the management of the problems of fragmentation and internecine strife within established states the world over. This volume is relevant to international lawyers, specialists in international politics, diplomats, theorists, minority and group rights scholars, historians, and human rights activists in general. It is particularly relevant to the African studies specialist, the statesman and the diplomat.

Legitimacy of governments --- Self-determination, National --- Dismemberment of nations. --- International agencies --- Political violence --- Legitimacy of governments - Africa. --- Self-determination, National - Africa. --- International agencies - Africa. --- Political violence - Africa. --- Dismemberment of nations --- Self --- Personal identity --- Consciousness --- Individuality --- Mind and body --- Personality --- Thought and thinking --- Will --- Violence --- Political crimes and offenses --- Terrorism --- Governments, Legitimacy of --- Legitimacy (Constitutional law) --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Revolutions --- Sovereignty --- State, The --- General will --- Political stability --- Regime change --- Associations, International --- IGOs (Intergovernmental organizations) --- Institutions, International --- Inter-governmental organizations --- Intergovernmental organizations --- International administration --- International associations --- International governmental organizations --- International institutions --- International organizations --- International unions --- Organizations, International --- Specialized agencies of the United Nations --- International cooperation --- Interorganizational relations --- Non-state actors (International relations) --- International organization --- Partition, Territorial --- State succession --- determination, National

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Depuis plus de dix années, plusieurs Etats européens sont confrontés, de manière préoccupante, aux activités de groupements extrémistes niant les valeurs essentielles de la démocratie et des droits de l'homme. La Belgique n'échappe malheureusement pas à la montée en puissance de partis liberticides et racistes. Comme en Autriche, ces mouvements accèdent au pouvoir par la voie d'élections libres et pluralistes. Le présent ouvrage entend réaliser un examen critique des textes juridiques provenant de diverses branches du droit (droit public, droit pénal, droit privé ... ) et visant à contenir ces groupements et, plus généralement, à lutter contre toute activité antidémocratique. Assurent-ils, avec une efficacité à la hauteur de l'enjeu, la protection et la sauvegarde de l'Etat de droit ? Les réponses à ces questions ne pouvaient être exclusivement juridiques. La connaissance de l'Histoire, des réflexions de philosophie politique et une sérieuse analyse sociologique constituaient des préalables à toute avancée politique et juridique. Face à la montée de l'intolérance au cœur même de nos Etats de droit, la protection active des valeurs essentielles contenues dans la Convention de sauvegarde des droits de l'homme n'exige-t-elle pas d'urgence une définition nouvelle et responsable des libertés publiques, comme de leur usage démocratique ? C'est à cette définition nouvelle que contribue le présent volume. Ce dernier rassemble les textes des intervenants au colloque organisé à la Maison des parlementaires, le 14 février 2000 par les Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis, l'Université Libre de Bruxelles et la Conférence du Jeune Barreau de Bruxelles.

Human rights --- Belgium --- Colloques --- Colloquia --- Extreem-rechts --- Extrême droite --- Racisme --- Rassenvraagstuk --- Civil rights --- Droits de l'homme --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Terrorism --- National security --- Terrorisme --- Securite nationale --- Prevention --- 342.7 --- 321.6 --- 329.18 --- 213 Democratie --- BE / Belgium - België - Belgique --- FR / France - Frankrijk --- 321.4 --- 343.40 --- NBB congres --- V26 - Droit international public - Internationaal publiekrecht --- INTERNATIONAAL PUBLIEKRECHT V 26 --- 321.7 --- 329.11 --- 323.1 --- 323.12 --- 329.17 --- 342.721 --- Grondwettelijke rechten en vrijheden. Fundamentele rechten --- Democratie. --- Misdrijven tegen fundamentele vrijheden: algemeenheden. --- democratie (zie ook 301.173.8, 331.152) --- conservatieve partij - conservatisme - rechtse partij --- rassenvraagstukken - nationaliteitenvraagstukken - racisme - diversiteit --- bewegingen tegen bepaalde rassen, nationaliteiten, taalgemeenschappen - antisemitisme --- nationalistische partij --- persoonlijke vrijheid - privé leven - privacy --- Sécurité nationale --- Prévention --- 342.7 Grondwettelijke rechten en vrijheden. Fundamentele rechten --- Congrès --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- National security policy --- NSP (National security policy) --- Security policy, National --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Military policy --- Basic rights --- Civil liberties --- Constitutional rights --- Fundamental rights --- Rights, Civil --- Constitutional law --- Political persecution --- Democratie --- Misdrijven tegen fundamentele vrijheden: algemeenheden --- Government policy --- Law and legislation --- Terrorism - Europe - Prevention - Congresses --- Terrorism - Belgium - Prevention - Congresses --- National security - Europe - Congresses --- National security - Belgium - Congresses --- Civil rights - Europe - Congresses --- Civil rights - Belgium - Congresses --- Terrorisme - Europe - Prevention - Congres --- Terrorisme - Belgique - Prevention - Congres --- Securite nationale - Europe - Congres --- Securite nationale - Belgique - Congres --- Droits de l'homme - Europe - Congres --- Droits de l'homme - Belgique - Congres --- Droit constituionnel --- Extrême-droite --- Démocratie --- COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME --- Délit de presse --- CENTRE POUR L'EGALITE DES CHANCES --- Droits et libertés --- Union européenne --- l'Europe --- des groupes extrémistes --- la démocratie et ses valeurs --- des partis liberticides et racistes --- activité antidémocratique --- la liberté